The valves maintain a unidirectional blood flow in the heart which is pumped to the body for and after purification. There are basically four valves in the heart. Two atrioventricular (AV) and two Semilunar (SL) valves. The Artioventricular valves are placed between the atria and the ventricles. The Semilunar valves are placed in the arteries leaving the heart. When any of these valves fail to do their function, then there is said to be a Heart valve disease.

The four valves that are present are:

These valves generally flap providing a muscular contraction and relaxation and this induces a tension and pressure within the muscular region of the heart. The blood that enters these valves takes the pressure and is bounced back with a very great force.
The following are the general valve diseases:

• Regurgitation or backflow occurs when a valve doesn’t close tightly.
• Stenosis occurs when the flaps of the valve thicken, stridden or fuse together. Due to this, the valve is not fully opened and hence proper pressure is not produced.
• Atresia occurs when a valve lacks an opening for blood flow